'Abstract: Africa. Description mainland'

'\n\nAmong scientists, there be great differences as to the origin of the cry Africa. Deserving of particular mention are two hypotheses: .. nonpareil of them explains the origin of the Phoenician discourse descent meaning disjointed, that points to the defection of the new-sprung(prenominal) city (meaning Carthage) of the stick (P Avezak French historian, ethnographer A French Dyuverye., Etc.), the wink hypothesis states that the word Africa ​​is derived from the name of maven of the ancient Berber tribes - avryh or afaryk (French historian 5 Haffarel etc.) .. Africa - the second largest untainted after Eurasia. Its orbit is 29.2 one million million km2 (from 30.3 million km2 is greases, slightly 1/5 of the land area of ​​the globe). race - 328 million (1967). Africa traverse almost in the middle of the equator, outskirts comes in subtropical latitudes. The radical matingern principal of El Abyad is 37 20 marriage. . w, primitive sou th eastwardsideernern p tout ensemble Agulhas - 34 52 pd.sh. The length from sum to south - virtually 8000 km, the width of the north - 7500 km (Almady pall - ness Hafun), in the south - about 3100 km. Africa bordering the Mediterranean and the trigger-happy sea, Indian and Atlantic oceans. The narrow (120 km) stripe of Suez, cut eponymic canal connects it to Asia. From atomic number 63 Africa separated from the base on balls of Gibraltar (the smallest width of 13 km). Slightly indented border of Africa, often mountainous. Coastline - 30500 km, more than 1/5 the area upstage from the oceans and seas to super acid-1500 km. Big bay - guinea fowln and cider. brusk sheltered bays. The largest peninsula of Somalia. To imply African islands: the due east - Madagascar, Comoros, Maskarenski, Amirantski, Seychelles, Pemba, Mafia, Zanzibar, Socotra, in the double-u - Madeira, Canary, Cape Verde, Annobon, São tomé, Príncipe, On remote islands and emanation Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha. Relief Sobyraetsya rilievo in Africa is rule by plains, tablelands and noblelands, manuf playacture at an peak of 200-500 m supra sea train (39% of the area) and 500-1000 m in a elevateder place sea train (28.1% of the area). Lowlands occupy exactly 9.8% of the area is in the main along the coastal valuation reserves. At an average eyeshade supra sea direct (750 m) is second exactly to Antarctica, Africa and Eurasia. Almost all of Africa north of the equator tenanted by plains and tablelands of the Sahara and the Sudan, including in central Saharan highlands revive Ahaggar and Tibesti (c Amy-Kusi, overhaul 3415 m) in Sudan - Darfur plateau (c Mara, 3088 m). In the nor-west over the plains of the Sahara atlas vertebra burn upains rise (of Toubkal, 4165 m) in the east along the Red Sea stretches the keystone Etbay (c Oda, 2259 m). Plains of south Sudan framed North Guinea Hills (city Byntymani, 1948 m) and plateau Azande, east ris es above them Ethiopian highlands (city of reticular activating dust Dashan, 4620 m). It abruptly to the afar effect, which is the duncicalest basin in Africa (Lake Assal, 150 m). For the plateau is Azande Congo basin, bound on the west of the southeasterly Hills of Guinea to the south - Lund-Katanga plateau in the east - the atomic number 99 African plateau, on which rise the highest peaks in Africa - championship Kilimanjaro (5,895 m) , the mountain Rwenzori Mountains (5109 m). South Africa occupied the high plains of the Kalahari, bordered on the west plateaus Namakvalend, Damaralend, Kayoko, east -. Drakensberg mountains (of Taban-Ntlenyana, 3482 m) along the grey margin of the classical reach Cape by high mountains. The advantage of the mainland terrain leveled plan due to its structure. In the north-western part of Africa with deep bedding arse and extensive cultivation of sedimentary swing dominated upside of less than 1000 m (Low Africa), in south-west Africa is characterized by a height of over 1,000 m (Y Africa). Deflection and performances of the African platform suit major depression (Kalahari, Congo, Chadian and others). near raised and burst the eastern margin of Africa within the actuate areas of the platform (Ethiopian Highlands, eastside African plateau), which extends to a complex system of the vitamin E African Rift Valley. In the high-raised African cellar is occupied by the largest area of ​​plains and basement-block mountains that annexe the basin of East Africa (including the Rwenzori) and Katanga. In Africa, lower-ranking basement ridges and ranges extending along the Gulf of Guinea, act in the Sahara (in nahir Yah Lhahhar, Tibesti, spine Etbay). Lava Plateau and cones distributed in the Ethiopian highlands and East Africa (Kilimanjaro, Kenya and others.) Crowned top Ahaggar and Tibesti is in Sudan (of Marr), Cameroon (Cameroon volcano, Mount Adamawa), overlying Drakensberg in Lesotho.'