The Glass Menagerie Essays (674 words) - English-language Films

The Glass Menagerie The play The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams, Williams uses many symbols which represent many different things. Many of the symbols used in the play try to symbolize some form of escape or difference between reality and illusion. ? The first symbol, presented in the first scene, is the fire escape. This represents the "bridge" between the illusory world of the Wingfields and the world of reality. This "bridge" seems to be a one way passage. But the direction varies for each character. For Tom, the fire escape is the way out of the world of Amanda and Laura and an entrance into the world of reality. For Laura, the fire escape is a way into her world. A way to escape from reality. Both examples can readily be seen: Tom will stand outside on the fire escape to smoke, showing that he does not like to be inside, to be a part of the illusionary world. Laura, on the other hand, thinks of the fire escape as a way in and not a way out. This can be seen when Amanda sends Laura to go to the store: Laura trips on the fire escape. This also shows that Laura's fears and emotions greatly affect her physical condition, more so than normal people. ? Another symbol presented deals more with Tom than any of the other characters: Tom's habit of going to the movies shows us his longing to leave the apartment and head out into the world of reality. A place where one can find adventure. And Tom, being a poet, can understand the needs of man to long for adventure and romance. But he is kept from entering reality by Amanda, who criticizes him as being a "selfish dreamer." But, Tom has made steps to escape into reality by transferring the payment of a light bill to pay for his dues in the Merchant Seaman's Union. ? Another symbol, which deals with both Amanda and Laura, is Jim O'Connor. To Laura, Jim represents the one thing she fears and does not want to face, reality. Jim is a perfect example of "the common man." A person with no real outstanding quality. In fact, Jim is rather awkward, which can be seen when he dances with Laura. To Amanda, Jim represents the days of her youth, when she went frolicking about picking jonquils and supposedly having "seventeen gentlemen callers on one Sunday afternoon." Although Amanda desires to see Laura settled down with a nice young man, it is hard to tell whether she wanted a gentleman caller to be invited for Laura or for herself. ? One symbol which is rather obvious is Laura's glass menagerie. Her collection of glass represents her own private world. Set apart from reality, a place where she can hide and be safe. The events that happen to Laura's glass affects Laura's emotional state greatly. When Amanda tells Laura to practice typing, Laura instead plays with her glass. When Amanda is heard walking up the fire escape, she quickly hides her collection. She does this to hide her secret world from the others. When Tom leaves to go to the movies in an angered rush, he accidentally breaks some of Laura's glass. The shattered glass represents Laura's understanding of Tom's responsibilities to her. Also, the unicorn, which is important, represents Laura directly. Laura points out to Jim that the unicorn is different, just as she is different. She also points out that the unicorn does not complain of being different, as she does not complain either. And when Jim breaks the horn off the unicorn, Laura points out that now it is like the other horses, just as Laura has shed some of her shyness and become more normal. When she hands the broken unicorn to Jim, this might represent Laura handing over her broken love to Jim, as Jim has revealed that he is engaged to be married. ? As can be seen, there are quite a few symbols in this play. And a number of them have diverse meanings. Most of these symbols have a direct meaning in the author's own life. This is understandable seeing that the play is supposed to be "memory play." It is obvious that this memory play is based on Williams' own memories.

Why People Visit Websites Essays

Why People Visit Websites Essays Why People Visit Websites Essay Why People Visit Websites Essay List at least five reasons why people visit Web sites. Learn about products or services that the company offers Buying products or services that the company offers Obtaining information about warranty, service, or repair policies for products purchased Obtaining general company or organization information Obtaining financial information for making an investment in the compnay or organization Identifying the people that manage the organization Obtaining contact information for a person or department in the organization 2. What are the guidelines that must be followed by Web designers when creating a Web site that is intended to meet the specific needs of customers? Design the site around how visitors will navigate the links, not based on companys organization structure Allow visitors to access information quickly Avoid using inflated marketing statements in product or service descriptions Avoid using business jargon and terms the user may not understand Build the site to work for visitors who are using the oldest browser software on the oldest computer connected through the lowest bandwidth connectioneven if this means creating multiple versions of webpages Be consistent in the use of design features Make sure the navigation controls are clearly labeled or otherwise recognizable Test text visually on smaller monitors Check to make sure that color combinations do not impair viewing clarity for color-blind visitors Conduct usability tests by having potential site users navigate through several versions of the site. 3. List five goals that businesses should meet when constructing a Web site, so that it successfully conveys an integrated image and offers information to potential customers. Offer easily accessible information about hte organization Allow visitors to experince the site in different ways / at different levels Provide vistors with a meaningful two-way (interactive) communication link with the organization Sustain visitor attention and encourage return visits Offer easily accessible information about products and services and how to use them 4. An effective site is one that creates an attractive presence that meets the objectives of the business or organization.List at least five common objectives. Attract visitors to the site Make site interesting enough for users to explore Convince users to follow sites links to obtain information Create an impression consistent with the organizations desired image Build trusting relationship with visitors Reinforce positive images th at the visitor may already have had about the organization Encourage visitors to return to the site

Security Network Intrusion detection system (IDS) Essay

Security Network Intrusion detection system (IDS) - Essay Example 1) The first and foremost thing is to have a grip upon the mental approach. I would try to stay composed and relaxed rather than getting panicked. I would analyze the whole situation cool mind. Whenever a network is established, problems like these are likely to occur and companies always have a well organized solution for this. So, there is no need to get horrified. 2) Under such a situation, it becomes important to isolate the affected computer immediately. An affected machine on a network can cause all other machines on that network to be affected. I would unplug the cable and then disconnect the affected computer both from the internet and the network. This way, the intruder will not be able to have an access to the machine nor will he be able to attack other computers on the network by means of the affected one. 3) I would block the port 3389 temporarily. TCP port 3389 is the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) that enables a user to connect to a computer on a network. I will find out if VPN (virtual private network) had been established to protect the RDP or port 3389 traffic. I would make arrangements for the establishment of site-to-site VPN tunnel before reconnecting the computer to the network so as to secure the RDP traffic from Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) poisoning (Savill, 2008). Further investigations include: Were there passwords and sensitive information saved on the computer like ISP access passwords? These must be changed at once. How long has the intrusion gone undetected? The chances of co-computers on the network being affected increase with the time the affected one keeps on working on the network. I would investigate if the computer had updated anti-virus and desktop firewall software installed. I would make backups of all sensitive information and format the operating sys tem. Then, I will reload the sensitive information from backup files while scanning them

Retail Marketing Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Retail Marketing Master - Case Study Example It also is a multi-billion pound food retailer. Most of its shops sell both of these categories. Marks & Spencer also has a third product line related to home wares such as bed linen, but this is far smaller than the other two. For much of the 20th century M&S was regarded as the leading retailer in the United Kingdom, and an icon of British business. In 1997 it became the first British retailer to make a profit before tax of over 1 billion, though within a couple of years it plunged into a crisis from which it has not yet fully recovered. It is now less than one quarter of the size of the UK's largest and most profitable retailer, Tesco(http://www.marks-and-spencer.co.uk) Marks & Spencer unlike most of its rivals didn't instantly jump into the television advertising for its marketing and to draw customers. Marks & Spencer launched its first advertisement as late as in the mid 1990s. By selling British-made goods Marks & Spencer made their reputation. They entered into long term relationships with British manufacturers, and sold the goods under the "St Michael" brand (trademark registered in 1928), which was used for both clothes and food (Wall Street Journal,2006). Initially Marks & Spencer accepted the return of unwanted goods, with no time restriction, giving full cash refunds if the receipt was shown. Now it has changed that policy and has adopted a 90-day returns policy. This act made many loyal customers of Marks & Spencer to refrain from buying. The company's main prominence is of quality, but initially it also had a reputation for offering a good value for money. When this reputation began to waver, it encountered serious difficulties. It is a fact that M&S has historically been an iconic retailer of 'British Quality Goods.'(http://www.marks-and-spencer.co.uk) In 1988, Marks & Spencer acquired an American clothing company and a US food chain, naming Brooks Brothers and Kings Super Markets respectively. Marks & Spencer profits were maximized during 1997-98. But these profits were short term due to the rising cost of using British suppliers. Customer loyalty eroded quickly as rival retailers increasingly imported their goods from low-cost countries. In addition, it also lost its fame in the young generation who were reluctant to shop with it. These factors further plunged Marks & Spencer profits into a sudden slump, which took every one by surprise. The company's share price fell by more than two thirds, and its profits fell from more than a billion pounds in 1997 and 1998 to 145 million in the year ended 31 March 2001 (Fort Worth Star-Telegram). In 2001, with changes in their business focus such as the introduction of the "Per Una" clothing range designed by George Davies, accompanied by a redesign of their underlying business model, profits recovered somewhat and M&S recovered some of its market share but this these profits were also short lived(Karen Barth, 2001). Place: Marks & Spencer have adopted an indirect marketing channel i.e. it maintains distribution channel as follows Producer Retailer Consumer Marks & Spencer usually have its own retail stores Promotion: Advertisement:

Pregnancy, Labor and Birthday Practices of Asia (India) Essay

Pregnancy, Labor and Birthday Practices of Asia (India) - Essay Example All societies have their unique labor and birthing practices and India as a society is no different. This paper will be a discussion on laboring practices of Asia, India, focusing on the role of the family and taboos before, during and after birth. With over 375 million children, India accounts for the highest population of children in the world. A majority of these are Hindus but there are other minorities such as Sikh and Muslims. According to Info Change, a non-profit organization that concentrates on sustainable development and social justice in South East Asia, about 36 percent of the population lives below poverty line. Of this percentage, women and children account for 73 percent. These may be attributed to the socio-economic conditions and Hindu beliefs that greatly influence child rearing practices in India. Along with strict rearing practices of children in India come a number of practices that are associated with its coming into the world. First of all, eating patterns of a woman are restricted (NCBI 533). This ranges from the kinds of food that she can eat to the amount that is to be taken. It is believed that when a pregnant woman eats too much, the fetus will not have room to move. This is argued by the fact that the abdomen is supposed to contain both the food and the fetus, however, in this case, the latter’s space should be given more priority. Since women from poor backgrounds are still expected to work in the farm and around the house during early months of her pregnancy, it is believed that eating a lot would make them gain excess weight that would interfere with their productivity while working. There were some directions regarding taking hot or cold foods. In Asia, pregnancy is believed to be a hot condition; therefore foods that are considered hot are restricted. The body is believed to be already out of balance and hot foods would only make the condition worse (Greene 34). Another practice that is prevalent all over India is calle d the shrimata. When a woman is in the seventh month of her pregnancy, there are special rituals that are performed and special types of sweet are given to the parents to be. This is to encourage the woman for having reached near full term with the pregnancy as well as to give her moral support. This shows the connection that the community has. They all participate in welcoming a child. During this time, the family is especially helpful. They treat the expectant woman with a lot of care and assist her with anything that she may require, ensuring that she is completely comfortable. In the Asian Indian community, the actual birth process is mostly carried out by a traditional birth attendant or other close family members. Most women prefer their mothers’ to attend to attend to them when they are giving birth (Greene 33). However, a certain percentage of Indians go to the government hospital to give birth with an even smaller percentage opting for private hospitals. Men were not allowed to get in the room where the birth was taking place or if it had occurred in the open, they were not allowed to see the birth process. After the birth, there are some rituals conducted on the child. Mothers ceremoniously plunged the infant into the river, this was meant to strengthen the child and rid them of any deforms that

Strategies for Internationalisation

Strategies for Internationalisation EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The report looks at the entry strategies available for an organization wishing to internationalize. It describes the internationalization strategy; the risks associated with it, and give examples of the type of businesses that are suitable for each type of strategy. Globalization is the process by which regional, economies, societies and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation and trade.(Wikipedia 21 nov,2010) Advancements in technology like the internet, television and other communication tools have driven markets to be more integrated. Customers demands the world over, are becoming more similar with each day, hence the convergence of markets. Unlike in the past, a person in India can buy a product from any part of the world; it does not necessarily have to be made in India. The procurement of products or services from an independent supplier or company owned subsidiaries located abroad for consumption in the home country or third country is called global sourcing. CAVUSGIL at al. (2008) international business 1st edition. New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall. This ability of individuals and companies to buy products from any part of the world has taken competition to a different level because a firm in Zambia has to take all companies in the world producing products similar to its own as competitors despite geographic dispersion. With competition being on a global scale, firms cannot afford to just serve one market. They have to either offer its current products to a new market, or come up with new products for its current, or for a new market in order to mitigate risk of loss if conditions become adverse in one market. Before a company internationalizes, it must first assess if it is ready, and which countries have attractive markets. It must follow the order of:- Analyzing its readiness to internationalize, Assessing the suitability of its products and services for foreign markets, Screening countries to identify attractive target markets, Assessing the industry market demand for its products or services in the selected target market Selecting qualified business partners, like distributors and suppliers, and Estimating the companys sales potential in the target market. CAVUSGIL at al. (2008) international business 1st edition. New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall. The process where a company decides to increase its current market is called market penetration. Market penetration as a strategy has low risk because the firm is operating in a market it is familiar with, and selling products that customers already know. This strategy is supported by a lot of advertising and promotional activities; for example a firm can lure customers to buy more of its products by offering a promotion of buy 1 and get 1 free. This type of promotion is common especially for products that are sold in grocery stores or supermarkets. A firm can also increase market share by offering its products at prices lower than its competitors. This strategy can only work if a company has low costs due to purchasing, production or distribution economies of scale. A firm can increase its market share by acquiring smaller competitors in the industry. This strategy is ideal when a product reaches its maturity stage and the market is saturated and profit margins are low due to high competition. SABMiller took over Grupo Empresarial which was its competitor in South America, to become the second largest player in the market. The main strategies that firms use to internationalize are outlined below. EXPORTING If the market in which a firm is currently operating is saturated or adverse conditions develop, it can consider offering its products in a different market- selling across its national borders in this case. The first option that a firm can choose is to export its products. Exporting means to ship goods or commodities to another country for sale, exchange, etc. With exporting, the firm produces goods in its home country and sells them abroad. (www.dictionary.com 20.20hrs, 13.11.10). a firm simply has to find distribution partners in the country where its exporting, to supply that particular market. The firm has little control in the international market, and it does not commit time or resources for the international market, it simply ships its products to that country and from there they are at the mercy of the distributor. An example of a company that exports its products is Zambia Sugar PLC (ZMSG). It produces the sugar from Mazabuka, its headquarters in Zambia, supplies the home m arket and exports the excess sugar to the European Union. The problem with exporting is that the firm has little control over its product, and it is not there physically to position its product in the market. How successful it is in the international market depends on the distributor, and also how good the product is for word of mouth to work as a way marketing. Exporting is mainly used by firms that do not have the resources to set up a physical presence in an international market. Additionally, management does not have to commit time to manage operations in the international market as it is all left in the hands of the distributor. Firms also export because of unsolicited orders from abroad. An example is of Vellus Products, Inc. this is a small company based in the United States that makes pet grooming products. CAVUSGIL at al. (2008) international business 1st edition. New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall. This company got orders from Taiwan, England etc. -countries where it had no establishments. Firms that are considering setting up a physical presence in an international market can use exporting as a way of testing the market. If the products sell well in the international market, then it can go ahead and set up its infrastructure. INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE VENTURES Another way a firm can internationalize is through international collaborative ventures. A collaborative venture is a partnership between two or more firms, and includes equity joint venture as well as, project based nonequity ventures. CAVUSGIL at al. (2008) international business 1st edition. New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall. For example, the Japanese electronics company Sony Corporation and the Swedish Telecommunications company Ericsson formed a joint venture in 2001 to form a new company called Sony Ericsson. The reason for the venture is to combine expertise to produce superior products. Both companies have stopped making their own mobile phones and focus on the joint venture. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Examples_of_joint_ventures). This type of venture is an equity venture, where no one party possess all of the assets needed to exploit an available opportunity(CAVUSGIL at al. (2008) international business 1st edition. New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall.) A non equity or project based venture is a partnership formed specifically for a project which has a well defined timetable, without creating a new legal entity(CAVUSGIL at al. (2008) international business 1st edition. New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall.) ZCON and group 7 CONSTRUCTION are two companies that have come together to work on a project of setting up a shopping mall in Zambia. The project has a well defined time table and the two companies know when they are supposed to end the partnership. CONSORTIUM This is a project based and usually non equity venture with multiple partners fulfilling a large scale project. It is normally formed with a contract with well defined rights, roles and obligations. (CAVUSGIL at al. (2008) international business 1st edition. New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall.) LICENCING Licensing is an agreement in which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm the right to use that property for a specified period of time in exchange for royalties or other compensation. (CAVUSGIL at al. (2008) international business 1st edition. New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall.) This is another method a firm can use to internationalize. The firm becomes the licensor in this case and firm in that uses its intellectual property is the licensee. The licensee pays a fee called royalties to the licensor for using the intellectual property. The licensor from time to time, chips in to advise the licensee and provide support. The licensor has a bit more control over its products in the international market using this method. The risks of internationalizing a higher using licensing compared to exporting. An example of a license agreement is of the company coca-cola. It is found in most, if not all countries of the world, but in most of them it operates under license. A local bottling company can produce and distribute coca-cola products on the licensors behalf. The advantage of this strategy is that it does not require investment in the international market, but it is a source of cash through royalties paid in. FRANCHISING This is an arrangement in which the firm allows another the right to use an entire business system in exchange for fees, royalties, or other forms of compensation. (CAVUSGIL at al. (2008) international business 1st edition. New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall.) . the firm allowing another , the use of its business system is called the franchisor while the one using the firms business system is the franchisee. with franchising, the franchisor has to be more committed as compared to licensing, in supporting the franchisee, because the entire business system (production, marketing, sales name and right for products patents and trademarks) is being used. The franchisor has to fully monitor the operations of the franchisee and make sure they are in line with the agreed procedures of operating. Examples of firms that have franchise agreements are McDonalds, Subway, Debonnairs Pizza. TURNKEY CONTRACTING This is an arrangement where the focal firm or a consortium of firms plans, finances, organizes, manages and implements all phases of a project abroad and then hands it over to a foreign customer after training local personnel. (CAVUSGIL at al. (2008) international business 1st edition. New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall.) BUILD-OPERATE-TRANSFER ARRANGEMENTS (BOT) This is an arrangement in which the firm or a consortium of firms contracts to build a major facility abroad, operate it for a specified period, and then hand it over to the project sponsor, typically the host country government or public utility. (CAVUSGIL at al. (2008) international business 1st edition. New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall.) MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS This is an arrangement in which a contractor supplies managerial know how to operate a hotel, resort, hospital, airport or other facility in exchange for compensation. (CAVUSGIL at al. (2008) international business 1st edition. New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall.) LEASING This is where a focal firm (the leasor) rents out machinery or equipment to corporate or government clients abroad (leasee). (CAVUSGIL at al. (2008) international business 1st edition. New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall.) this is common in the aircraft business where manufacturers lease out the aircraft to airline companies. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) The most involving method of entering an international market is through foreign direct investment. With this method, a firm either sets up its infrastructure in an international market (Greenfield investment) as opposed to acquiring an existing company. (CAVUSGIL at al. (2008) international business 1st edition. New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall.) a firm builds new manufacturing, marketing, or administrative facilities. Alternatively, a firm can acquire another, already existing firm and takes over its operations in the market. An example of this is Airtel in the telecommunications industry, under the Bharti group. It recently took over all Zain operations in the African market. With FDI, the firm commits its time and resources fully in the international market. It has a physical presence and has direct access to the firms stakeholders. FDI is the riskiest of all the types of internationalization strategies because of the level of resource commitment. The firm faces; Cultural risk. This is where a cultural miscommunication puts some human value at risk. A firm has to try to study and understand the culture in the country where it chooses to set up operations. Country risk. Any changes in the political, legal, economic or environmental aspects in the country that would have adverse effects on the operations and profitability of a company. Currency risk. This is the risk of adverse fluctuations in exchange rates. Commercial risk. This is a firms potential loss from poorly developed or executed business strategies, tactics or procedures. Currency risk. A firm faces the risk of loss of profits due to fluctuating exchange rates. The devaluation of a currency can have a negative impact on a companys profits. All of the above risks affect firms that use FDI as an entry strategy, unlike the other forms of entry that are only affected by one or two of the risks. The main features of foreign direct investment are that; It has greater resource commitment It implies global presence and operations It allows the firm to achieve global scale efficiency Firms involved In FDI strive to behave in socially responsible ways. When selecting an FDI location, a firm must look at a number of factors; The country it wishes to invest in should have a market large enough to support its growth and give enough returns for the firm to continue operating. China for example, is a large market because of its population, and top of that, its an emerging market so it has a lot of growth opportunities. The country should be close to the firms targeted customers to reduce on distribution expenses. Proximity the firms source of raw materials is also important The country should have low political, cultural, and currency risk as compared to other FDI country options. Economic factors such as tax, interest and exchange rates, are important factors for the firm to consider because theyll determine the level of availability of cash for company operations. Before a firm decides which type of entry strategy it wishes to use, it has to consider the amount of resources it is willing to commit and the level of risk It Is willing to take. How good a strategy is, is determined by the goals the firm wants to achieve. Different industries favor different entry strategies. for example a firm may want to reduce its costs so it can consider investing in countries endowed with natural resource that are input materials for the firm, it can invest in a country with low labor cost. Effects Industrial- emergence of worldwide production markets and broader access to a range of foreign products for consumers and companies, particularly movement of materials and goods between and within boundaries. Financial- emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access to external financing for borrowers Economic- realization of a global common marketplace based on the freedom of exchange of goods and capital. Informational-increase in information flows even between geographically remote areas. This is a technological change including fiber optic communications, satellites, telephone and internet. Competition- survival in the new global business market calls for improved productivity an increased competition (www.google.com) CONCLUSION In conclusion, there is no best way of entering an international market. It all depends on the type of products an organization produces, the resources it is willing to commit in the new market, the risks it is willing to take, and the barriers that are in the new market

News And Newspapers -- essays research papers

News and Newspapers News is simply delineated as â€Å"a report of a recent event; something one has not heard of before†(Websters, 282). Conceding that it is inelaborate in its definition, news is much more intricate as it succumbs to corporate moneymaking ideologies. The corporate essence of news is prevalent in the form of the newspaper â€Å"a paper published periodically for circulating news† that is sold therefore making news a business. In business the saying goes that the customer is always right making news subject to the demands of these consumers. The underlying purpose of news is to â€Å"provide facts upon which decisions are based† (Mencher, 56). Yet this purpose is tainted to accommodate the newspapers need to sell papers. Journalism is the work of gathering news, therefore making the journalist succumb to the corporate needs of the newspaper. The three major newspapers of Toronto (Toronto Sun, Toronto Star and The Globe & Mail) discord in their journalistic techniques for the purpose of selling their produc t. "News is more often made rather than gathered. And it is made on the basis of what the journalist thinks is important or what the journalist thinks the audience thinks is important" (Postman, 14). The Toronto Sun focuses on the audience that yearns for entertainment and adjuts its word selection and choice of articles to accommodate this need for entertainment. The glitz and glamour of today's celebrities provide a fantasy world in which the reader can escape. The Toronto Sun leaves no stone uncovered as it stays on top of celebrity issues to accommodate their audience ‘ the average Joe' with entertainment. â€Å"Michael Jackson's wife gave birth to a baby boy yesterday at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center† (T.Sun Feb. 18/97) in the article titled Oh Baby, Jacko to be a dad soon. What makes this article more ominous than any other birth other than that it is entertaining to the star crazed general public? Hundreds Get To Eye Claudia the so called 'superbabe' as she â€Å"breezes her way into The Bay's downtown Yonge St. Store†(T. Sun Feb. 25/97). â€Å"Up to five hundred people waited for up to two hours for a glimpse of the famed beauty and to hear her speak†(T. Sun Feb. 25/97). Imagine how many looked in the Sun for the article. The article choices of the Sun have a direct affiliation to the need for it as a business to p... ...article Hospital's Blood Stock Almost Exhausted contains human interest through its ability to show the community working together â€Å"Although other hospital blood banks were also short of blood, the Toronto Hospital and St. Michael's Hospital agreed to send blood to Sunnybrook by taxi if needed† (T. Star April 2/97). The aspect of community togetherness provokes human interest and complies with the Star's general theme of family. The Globe and Mail article Toronto Desperate For Blood roused human interest thorough community togetherness â€Å"in case the patient required more blood than was on hand the hospital contacted the Red Cross society and two other hospitals to ensure a continued supply." This articles illustration of human interest is moderated through the exclusion of the agreement of the two hospital's to provide more blood even though they were low. Instead the article stuck strictly to the facts that the Globe's readers pay for. Realistically, the sale of newspapers is the primary objective of the journalist illustrated through their use of techniques. Journalistic content and techniques vary according to the audience towards which the newspaper directs its attention.

The Theme of Secrecy in Twelfth Night

Secrecy is an important element in any plot. It creates irony and sometimes situational comedy. The way in which a character keeps or reveals a secret affects the plot and adds to the main theme of the work. Viola, a character in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, must keep the secret of her true identity. The play uses secrecy as an important element of the plot by creating irony, situational comedy, and tension, as well as affecting the plot and contributing to the overall meaning of the play. The plot of Twelfth Night is affect by the secret that Viola keeps and reveals. Viola is a lady of Messaline who has been shipwrecked on the coast of Illyria. Believing her brother Sebastian is dead, she wants to start a new life in Illyria, but the court of Lady Olivia is not accepting any new members because Lady Olivia is in mourning after her father and brother have died. In order to join the court of Duke Orsino, Viola must disguise herself as a boy named Cesario. Orsino accepts â€Å"Cesario† into his court and from that point on, secrecy is embedded within the plot. Secrecy is necessary because she cannot be revealed as a woman for several reasons. Viola becomes close with Orsino, which causes her to fall in love with him, but since she has become so close to him, Orsino trusts â€Å"her† and sends â€Å"Cesario† to Lady Olivia’s house to try to convince her to accept his love. Even though Olivia has sworn off love, as soon as she meets Cesario she falls for him because he knows all the charming things to say to her. Since Cesario is actually Viola, the swooning words she says to Olivia is what Viola would want to hear if a man were confessing his love to her. Cesario says to Olivia, â€Å"Make me a willow cabin at your gate/ And call upon my soul within the house,/ Write loyal cantons of contemned love,/ And sing them loud even in the dead of night// Hallow your name to the reverberate hills/ And make the babbling gossip of the air/ Cry out ‘Olivia! ’ O, you should not rest/ Between the elements of air and earth/ But you should pity me† (43). This speech is what Viola would want to hear if she was being pursued by a man, which is why Olivia falls for Cesario. This complicates the plot because now Olivia is in love with Cesario who is actually Viola which creates a sense of situational comedy and irony. This secret not only affects the plot, but it contributes to the overall theme of the play, love or the lack of. Olivia is not actually in love with Cesario and neither is Orsino with Olivia, they are both in love with the idea or concept of love. On the other hand, Viola is truly in love with Orsino, which is revealed to the audience when Cesario is discussing love with Orsino; Cesario says, â€Å"Sooth, but you must. / Say that some lady, as perhaps there is,/ Hath for your love as great a pang of heart/ As you have for Olivia. You cannot lover her:/ You tell her so. Must she not them be answered† (73)? Viola, disguised as Cesario, is speaking about herself which creates tension and irony for the audience. Viola’s secret keeps her from openly loving Orsino and causes Olivia to be in love with Cesario. Viola’s brother, Sebastian, who is in fact not dead, represents two motifs in the play: mistaken identity and things are not what they appear to be. Sebastian is saved by Antonio, a man whose tenderness towards Sebastian turns into love. Sebastian travels to Illyria, not knowing that Viola is alive and living there. Viola and Sebastian look very much alike, and now that Viola is impersonating a boy, they look identical. Sebastian is mistaken for Cesario by Olivia, which gives him two identities. Olivia begs â€Å"Cesario† to marry her and Sebastian seeing that Olivia was pretty and wealthy, accepts her proposal. Sebastian says to himself, â€Å"Yet doth this accident and flood of fortune/ So far exceed all instance, all discourse,/ That I am ready to distrust mine eyes/ And wrangle with my reason that persuades me/ To any other trust but that I am mad-/ Or else the lady’s mad† (155). Sebastian’s situation represents mistaken identity and that things do not appear to be what they seem. Viola’s secret further complicates the plot; now Olivia believes she is married to Cesario who is actually Sebastian. Also this news infuriates Orsino who is in â€Å"love† with Olivia and causes major problems between Orsino and Cesario; Orsino says to Cesario, â€Å"O thou dissembling cub! What wilt thou be/ When time hath sowed a grizzle on thy case? / Or will not else thy craft so quickly grow/ That thine own trip shall be tine overthrow? / Farwell, and take her, but direct thy feet/ Where thou and I henceforth may never meet† (173). Viola is heartbroken by Orsino’s speech because she is genuinely in love with him and she is not the one who married Olivia. Olivia mistaking Sebastian for Cesario, proves that she does not really love Cesario, she is in love with idea of love which is the overriding theme of the play. Identities and disguises are created by secrecy in the play. Viola’s and Sebastian’s true identities are revealed when she finds herself face to face with her brother Sebastian. Malvolio, another character in the play whose identity is lost due to secrecy, regains his identity by the end of of the play. Viola’s necessity for secrecy leads to her choice of keeping the secret for most the play. Her secret complicates the plot, and develops irony and situational comedy throughout the play. Her secret did allow her to achieve her goal of joining Orsino’s court and starting a new life, but her revealing the secret allowed her and Orsino to be together. Viola’s secret contributed to the meaning of the play, that love is not always what it appears to be, sometimes love has two identities. Love can be just falling in love with the idea of the emotion or the real thing.

Lodz Ghetto

Lodz Ghetto What Was the Lodz Ghetto? On February 8, 1940, the Nazis ordered the 230,000 Jews of Lodz, Poland, the second largest Jewish community in Europe, into a confined area of only 1.7 square miles (4.3 square kilometers) and on May 1, 1940, the Lodz Ghetto was sealed. The Nazis chose a Jewish man named Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski to lead the ghetto. Rumkowski had the idea that if the ghetto residents worked then the Nazis would need them; however, the Nazis still started deportations to the Chelmno Death Camp on January 6, 1942. On June 10, 1944, Heinrich Himmler ordered the Lodz Ghetto liquidated and the remaining residents were taken to either Chelmno or Auschwitz. The Lodz Ghetto was empty by August 1944. The Persecution Begins When Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the world watched with concern and disbelief. The following years revealed persecution of Jews, but the world reveled in the belief that by appeasing Hitler, he and his beliefs would remain within Germany. On September 1, 1939, Hitler shocked the world by attacking Poland. Using blitzkrieg tactics, Poland fell within three weeks. Lodz, located in central Poland, held the second largest Jewish community in Europe, second only to Warsaw. When the Nazis attacked, Poles and Jews worked frantically to dig ditches to defend their city. Only seven days after the attack on Poland began, Lodz was occupied. Within four days of Lodzs occupation, Jews became targets for beatings, robberies, and seizure of property. September 14, 1939, only six days after the occupation of Lodz, was Rosh Hashanah, one of the holiest days within the Jewish religion. For this High Holy day, the Nazis ordered businesses to stay open and the synagogues to be closed. While Warsaw was still fighting off the Germans (Warsaw finally surrendered on September 27), the 230,000 Jews in Lodz were already feeling the beginnings of Nazi persecution. On November 7, 1939, Lodz was incorporated into the Third Reich and the Nazis changed its name to Litzmannstadt (Litzmanns city) - named after a German general who died while attempting to conquer Lodz in World War I. The next several months were marked by daily round-ups of Jews for forced labor as well as random beatings and killings on the streets. It was easy to distinguish between Pole and Jew because on November 16, 1939, ​the Nazis had ordered Jews to wear an armband on their right arm. The armband was the precursor to the ​yellow Star of David badge, which was soon to follow on December 12, 1939. Planning the Lodz Ghetto On December 10, 1939, Friedrich Ubelhor, the governor of the Kalisz-Lodz District, wrote a secret memorandum that set out the premise for a ghetto in Lodz. The Nazis wanted Jews concentrated in ghettos so when they found a solution to the Jewish problem, whether it be emigration or genocide, it could easily be carried out. Also, enclosing the Jews made it relatively easy to extract the hidden treasures that Nazis believed Jews were hiding. There had already been a couple of ghettos established in other parts of Poland, but the Jewish population had been relatively small and those ghettos had remained open - meaning, the Jews and the surrounding civilians were still able to have contact. Lodz had a Jewish population estimated at 230,000, living throughout the city. For a ghetto of this scale, real planning was needed. Governor Ubelhor created a team made up of representatives from the major policing bodies and departments. It was decided that the ghetto would be located in the northern section of Lodz where many Jews were already living. The area that this team originally planned only constituted 1.7 square miles (4.3 square kilometers). To keep non-Jews out of this area before the ghetto could be established, a warning was issued on January 17, 1940 proclaiming the area planned for the ghetto to be rampant with infectious diseases. The Lodz Ghetto Is Established On February 8, 1940, the order to establish the Lodz Ghetto was announced. The original plan was to set up the ghetto in one day, in actuality, it took weeks. Jews from throughout the city were ordered to move into the sectioned off area, only bringing what they could hurriedly pack within just a few minutes. The Jews were packed tightly within the confines of the ghetto with an average of 3.5 people per room. In April a fence went up surrounding the ghetto residents. On April 30, the ghetto was ordered closed and on May 1, 1940, merely eight months after the German invasion, the Lodz ghetto was officially sealed. The Nazis did not just stop with having the Jews locked up within a small area, they wanted the Jews to pay for their own food, security, sewage removal, and all other expenses incurred by their continuing incarceration. For the Lodz ghetto, the Nazis decided to make one Jew responsible for the entire Jewish population. The Nazis chose Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski. Rumkowski and His Vision To organize and implement Nazi policy within the ghetto, the Nazis chose a Jew named Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski. At the time Rumkowski was appointed Juden Alteste (Elder of the Jews), he was 62 years old, with billowy, white hair. He had held various jobs, including insurance agent, velvet factory manager, and director of the Helenowek orphanage before the war began. No one really knows why the Nazis chose Rumkowski as the Alteste of Lodz. Was it because he seemed like he would help the Nazis achieve their aims by organizing the Jews and their property? Or did he just want them to think this so that he could try to save his people? Rumkowski is shrouded in controversy. Ultimately, Rumkowski was a firm believer in the autonomy of the ghetto. He started many programs that replaced outside bureaucracy with his own. Rumkowski replaced the German currency with ghetto money that bore his signature - soon referred to as Rumkies. Rumkowski also created a post office (with a stamp with his image) and a sewage clean up department since the ghetto had no sewage system. But what soon materialized was the problem of acquiring food. Hunger Leads to a Plan to Work With 230,000 people confined to a very small area that had no farmland, food quickly became a problem. Since the Nazis insisted on having the ghetto pay for its own upkeep, money was needed. But how could Jews who were locked away from the rest of society and who had been stripped of all valuables make enough money for food and housing?   Rumkowski believed that if the ghetto was transformed into an extremely useful workforce, then the Jews would be needed by the Nazis. Rumkowski believed that this usefulness would ensure that the Nazis would supply the ghetto with food. On April 5, 1940, Rumkowski petitioned the Nazi authorities requesting permission for his work plan. He wanted the Nazis to deliver raw materials, have the Jews make the final products, then have the Nazis pay the workers in money and in food.   On April 30, 1940, ​Rumkowskis proposal was accepted with one very important change - the workers would only be paid in food. Notice that no one agreed upon how much food, nor how often it was to be supplied. Rumkowski immediately began setting up factories and all those able and willing to work were found jobs. Most of the factories required workers to be over 14 years old but often very young children and older adults found work in mica splitting factories. Adults worked in factories that produced everything from textiles to munitions. Young girls were even trained to hand stitch the emblems for the uniforms of German soldiers. For this work, the Nazis delivered food to the ghetto. The food entered the ghetto in bulk and was then confiscated by Rumkowskis officials. Rumkowski had taken over food distribution. With this one act, Rumkowski truly became the absolute ruler of the ghetto, for survival was contingent on food.   Starving and Suspicions The quality and quantity of the food delivered to the ghetto were ​less than minimal, often with large portions being completely spoiled. Ration cards were quickly put into effect for food on June 2, 1940. By December, all provisions were rationed. The amount of food given to each individual depended upon your work  status. Certain factory jobs meant a bit more bread than others. Office workers, however, received the most. An average factory worker received one bowl of soup (mostly water, if you were fortunate you would have a couple of barley beans floating in it), plus the usual rations of one loaf of bread for five days (later the same amount was supposed to last seven days), a small amount of vegetables (sometimes preserved beets that were mostly ice), and brown water that was supposed to be coffee.   This amount of food starved people. As ghetto residents really started feeling hunger, they became increasingly suspicious of Rumkowski and his officials. Many rumors floated around blaming Rumkowski for the lack of food, saying that he dumped useful food on purpose. The fact that each month, even each day, the residents became thinner and increasingly afflicted with dysentery, tuberculosis, and typhus while Rumkowski and his officials seemed to fatten and remained healthy just spurred suspicions. Searing anger afflicted the population, blaming Rumkowski for their troubles. When dissenters of the Rumkowski rule voiced their opinions, Rumkowski made speeches labeling them traitors to the cause. Rumkowski believed that these people were a direct threat to his work ethic, thus punished them and. later, deported them. Newcomers in the Fall and Winter 1941 During the High Holy days in the fall of 1941, the news hit - 20,000 Jews from other areas of the Reich were being transferred to the Lodz Ghetto. Shock swept throughout the ghetto. How could a ghetto that could not even feed its own population, absorb 20,000 more? The decision had already been made by the Nazi officials and the transports arrived from September through October with approximately one thousand people arriving each day. These newcomers were shocked at the conditions in Lodz. They did not believe that their own fate could ever really mingle with these emaciated people, because the newcomers had never felt hunger. Freshly off the trains, the newcomers had shoes, clothes, and most importantly, reserves of food. The newcomers were dropped into a completely different world, where the inhabitants had lived for two years, watching the hardships grow more acute. Most of these newcomers never adjusted to ghetto life and in the end, boarded the transports to their death with the thought that they must be going somewhere better than the Lodz Ghetto. In addition to these Jewish newcomers, 5,000 Roma (Gypsies) were transported into the Lodz ghetto. In a speech delivered on October 14, 1941, Rumkowski announced the coming of the Roma. We are forced to take about 5000 Gypsies into the ghetto. Ive explained that we cannot live together with them. Gypsies are the sort of people who can to anything. First they rob and then they set fire and soon everything is in flames, including your factories and materials. * When the Roma arrived, they were housed in a separate area of the Lodz Ghetto. Deciding Who Would Be the First Deported December 10, 1941, another announcement shocked the Lodz Ghetto. Though Chelmno had only been in operation for two days, the Nazis wanted 20,000 Jews deported out of the ghetto. Rumkowski talked them down to 10,000. Lists were put together by ghetto officials. The remaining Roma were the first to be deported. If you were not working, had been designated a criminal, or if you were a family member of someone in the first two categories, then you would be next on the list. The residents were told that the deportees were being sent to Polish farms to work. While this list was being created, Rumkowski became engaged to Regina Weinberger - a young lawyer who had become his legal advisor. They were soon married. The winter of 1941-42 was very harsh for ghetto residents. Coal and wood were rationed, thus there was not enough to drive away frostbite let alone cook food. Without a fire, much of the rations, especially potatoes, could not be eaten. Hordes of residents descended upon wooden structures - fences, outhouses, even some buildings were literally torn apart. The Deportations to Chelmno Begin Beginning on January 6, 1942, those who had received the summons for deportations (nicknamed wedding invitations) were required for transport. Approximately one thousand people per day left on the trains. These people were taken to the Chelmno Death Camp  and gassed by carbon monoxide in trucks. By January 19, 1942, 10,003 people had been deported. After only a couple of weeks, the Nazis requested more deportees. To make the deportations easier, the Nazis slowed the delivery of food into the ghetto and then promised people going on the transports a meal. From February 22 to April 2, 1942, 34,073 people were transported to Chelmno. Almost immediately, another request for deportees came. This time specifically for the newcomers that had been sent to Lodz from other parts of the Reich. All the newcomers were to be deported except anyone with German or Austrian military honors. The officials in charge of creating the list of deportees also excluded officials of the ghetto. In September 1942, another deportation request. This time, everyone unable to work was to be deported. This included the sick, the old, and the children. Many parents refused to send their children to the transport area so the Gestapo entered the Lodz Ghetto and viciously searched and removed the deportees. Two More Years After the September 1942 deportation, Nazi requests nearly halted. The German armaments division was desperate for munitions, and since the Lodz Ghetto now consisted purely of workers, they were indeed needed. For nearly two years, the residents of the Lodz Ghetto worked, hungered, and mourned. The End: June 1944 On June 10, 1944,  Heinrich Himmler  ordered the liquidation of the Lodz Ghetto. The Nazis told Rumkowski and Rumkowski told the residents that workers were needed in Germany to repair the damages caused by air raids. The  first transport  left on June 23, with many others following until July 15. On July 15, 1944 the transports halted. The decision had been made to liquidate Chelmno because Soviet troops were getting close. Unfortunately, this only created a two week hiatus,  for the remaining transports  would be sent to Auschwitz. By August 1944, the Lodz Ghetto had been liquidated. Though a few remaining workers were retained by the Nazis to finish confiscating materials and valuables out of the ghetto, everyone else had been deported. Even Rumkowski and his family were included in these last transports to Auschwitz. Liberation Five months later, on January 19, 1945, the Soviets liberated the Lodz Ghetto. Of the 230,000  Lodz Jews  plus the 25,000 people transported in, only 877 remained. * Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, Speech on October 14, 1941, in  Lodz Ghetto: Inside a Community Under Siege  (New York, 1989), pg. 173. Bibliography Adelson, Alan and Robert Lapides (ed.).  Lodz Ghetto: Inside a Community Under Siege. New York, 1989. Sierakowiak, Dawid.  The Diary of Dawid Sierakowiak: Five Notebooks from the Lodz Ghetto. Alan Adelson (ed.). New York, 1996. Web, Marek (ed.).  The  Documents of the Lodz Ghetto: An Inventory of the Nachman Zonabend Collection. New York, 1988. Yahil, Leni.  The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry. New York, 1991.

Hero and Leander Story Summary Essay Example

Hero and Leander Story Summary Essay Example Hero and Leander Story Summary Paper Hero and Leander Story Summary Paper This story began with Hero living in States and Leander living in Abodes. Now Hero was said to have had Apollo and Cupid try to get her hand in marriage, but she didnt marry either of them. Instead she became a priestess for Venus. One day Hero had to give Venus honor and it was also the day that Leander was in States as well that day. When the two saw each other they fell in love at first sight. Heros parents forbade her to see Leander, but neither of them wanted that to happen. They set up codes to know when to meet each other. At night Hero would light a lantern and put it at the top of the tower of the temple, then Leander would swim the Hells point, they would see each other for an hour or so then go back to their respective homes. But one night Hero put up her lantern to signal Leander to swim to her. One thing she didnt now was coming was a storm that arrived Just after he embarked on his Journey to her. The strong winds blew out the lantern so Leander had nothing to follow to find Hero. Instead of swimming to safety, he swam out to sea. The storm was too much for him to handle so he eventually perished in the storm.

Discussion 2 Week 7 New Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 2 Week 7 New - Assignment Example Even with cooperating firms, game theory helps in safeguarding their prospects from being taken advantage of regarding own prices viz-a-viz â€Å"added value." This is a strategy used by airlines to charge higher prices for seats to travel during peak seasons, during holidays and/or during certain yearly/crucial events to certain parts of the world, for instance, the Muslims’ travel to Mecca for the Hajj pilgrimage. This pricing strategy often lowers the demand for the airlines tickets by limiting the number of those that can afford such expensive fares (Doganis, 2005). However, the strategy generally increases profits to such firms. In this strategy, customers are charged differently based on their willingness to pay viz-a-viz the extent of service offered. Travelling in First class seats cost usually costs more, double or multiple times the cost of other seats due to the added comfort like superior services and/or added special snacks/features (Belobaba, Odoni, & Barnhart, 2009). It is more a profit maximizing strategy than a demand related

Cedar Revolution of 2005 In Lebanon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cedar Revolution of 2005 In Lebanon - Essay Example The precursor for the revolution, as discussed in the Introduction, is the assassination of former Prime Minister Hariri. The literature tells us that Hariri was in conflict with the political power in Damascus, Syria, and that this conflict was what presaged the assassination, presumably with Syria having a hand in the murder. It is to be noted that Hariri was given credit for undertaking the rebuilding of Lebanon and Beirut in particular after the devastating civil war that gripped the country all the way to 1989. Hariri was popular and his fight with the Syrian power brokers was a proxy fight of a large majority of Lebanese against the control that Syria wielded over the country, so to speak. These are very powerful reasons that powered a groundswell of support for the revolution, and it can be said that the murder of Hariri in this context was the spark that lit the revolutionary fire. That the United States and much of the west pinned the blame for the murder on Syria no doubt p rovided further justification for the popular revolution. On the other hand, it was the funeral march of Hariri that immediately precipitated the chain of events that led to about 20,000 protesters gathering and marching to Martyr's Square just a few days after, and which then led to the massing of over one million activists by the time that the Syrian sympathizing Prime Minister Omar Karami had resigned and the subsequent announcement of the complete withdrawal of Syrian forces from Lebanon after three decades of continuous presence in the country (E-Collaborative for Civic Education, 2013; Singh, 2009). There are many reasons cited for the success of the massing and the chain of events being effected as described above, but chief among these reasons is the non-violent way with which the protesters dealt with the government forces that were sent their way to try and stop the revolution in its tracks. While it is true that the funeral of Hariri attracted protesters who openly asked for Syria to leave Lebanon, it is also true that the protesters reacted to the sending of troops to Martyr's Square not with violence but with flowers, and this allowed the protesters to deflect the rising tension and gain the moral upper hand in the situation. It helped too that the opposition forces were able to plan and strategize behind the scenes, and played some part in orchestrating the activities that led to the gains that they made in pushing Syrian forces out of Lebanon and forcing Karami to resign (E-Collaborative for Civic Education, 2013; McCarthy, 2005; Follath, 2005; Singh, 2009). On the other hand, from a geopolitical point of view, there are those who push the argument that the US presence in the region, and in particular the presence of US troops that had designs on launching a war with Syria on any credible pretext,