America Exceptionalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

America Exceptionalism - Essay Example Enthusiasts of the myth of American exceptionalism need a radical change on the conception of the nation and the world around, if any efforts against racism, human right violation, and other ills are to bear fruit. The United States of America has had different descriptions in the past two centuries by some of its prominent leaders, ranging from titles like the indispensable nation, free world leader, and the best last hope of earth, the empire of liberty, and the shining city on a hill. These descriptions constitute the concept of American exceptionalism. This is an ideology that America’s political system, history, and values are unique in the universe (Jacobs). Moreover, enthusiasts of the ideology argue that the US is entitled and destined to play a positive and distinct role in the universe. The concept is an international debate among specialists and experts from all lifestyles, from law to former US government officials. Among them is Ted Bromund, a senior research fellow from Margret Thatcher Center for Freedom. Bromund advocates for the American exceptionalism ideology, mainly basing his arguments on the history of the great nation. On the other end of the debate are individuals like Harold Hongju Koh, a laws specialist and former government official in both Reagan’s and Clinton’s administrations. Koh, argues that the American exceptionalism has two facets, the good, and the bad. This paper focuses on the arguments of Koh and Bromund to assert that the American exceptionalism has both the good side and the bad side. In the article American Exceptionalism and its Enemies, Bromund strongly argues that the US is an exceptional state. Bromund begins his statement by pointing out that America has the oldest and the most capitalistic liberal democracy. He further re-asserts that it was the first nation whose foundation was on the belief of inherent human rights, also the

Tiffany & Co. analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Tiffany & Co. analysis - Essay Example ing Tiffany & Co Space Utilization 13 Table 6: Table Showing Tiffany & Co Employees Output Trend 14 Table 7: Table Showing Tiffany & Co Capital Intensity Trend 15 Table 8: Table Showing Tiffany & Co Revenue Valuation Trend 15 Tiffany & Co. Analysis 1: Introduction Company Introduction Tiffany & Co. is the most popular lavish jewelry corporation in the United States of America. For over a century and a half, Tiffany & co. have designed superb jewelry comprising of diamond. The company often uses Tiffany & co and just Tiffany as its main trademark, and at the same time as its trade name. Statement of Purpose In a quest to for tiffany to maintain its giant market and dominance, this paper studies the company’s current pattern applied to maintain customer satisfaction and its prolonged dominance, with the aim of gaining deep knowledge on success of this company and devising applicable through which it can improve its current level performance. Roadmap This study involves a quantit ative and qualitative analysis (a SWOT analysis,) for tiffany to gauge its current position. This analysis also gives recommendations to potential investors and the company at large on its current position. The weaknesses and threats identified through the SWOT analysis be used as a yard stick for devising applicable solutions and this is after comparing various documented applicable solutions, through various qualitative and quantitative tests, and discussed in the subsequent chapters, and the final outcome is mainly targeted at coming up with an effective criteria for investment for Tiffany & Co. Criteria for Investment To come up with concrete recommendations, this study will focus on all the most trusted company profitability, growth and development analysis, evaluations and strategies,... Tiffany & Co. is the most popular lavish jewelry corporation in the United States of America. For over a century and a half, Tiffany & co. have designed superb jewelry comprising of diamond. The company often uses Tiffany & co and just Tiffany as its main trademark, and at the same time as its trade name. Statement of Purpose In a quest to for tiffany to maintain its giant market and dominance, this paper studies the company’s current pattern applied to maintain customer satisfaction and its prolonged dominance, with the aim of gaining deep knowledge on success of this company and devising applicable through which it can improve its current level performance. Roadmap This study involves a quantitative and qualitative analysis (a SWOT analysis,) for tiffany to gauge its current position. This analysis also gives recommendations to potential investors and the company at large on its current position. The weaknesses and threats identified through the SWOT analysis be used as a yard stick for devising applicable solutions and this is after comparing various documented applicable solutions, through various qualitative and quantitative tests, and discussed in the subsequent chapters, and the final outcome is mainly targeted at coming up with an effective criteria for investment for Tiffany & Co. To come up with concrete recommendations, this study will focus on all the most trusted company profitability, growth and development analysis, evaluations and strategies, thus: the company’s commitment to CSR, potential to expand, profitability, adaptability, rising stock price, and competitive advertisement.

Statement Of The Project Objectives Essay Example for Free

Statement Of The Project Objectives Essay The present project endeavors to create, edit, and distribute software in the educational and training field. Specifically, the current project aims to (1) create a separate company, ACM Software Inc., in order to complement the current mission and vision of the parent company ACM Consulting, and (2) to explore opportunities to expand the present business to include the international market. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The present project entails the involvement of the following departments: Project Management, Small Business and Entrepreneurship (SBE), Operations, Sales and Marketing, Accounting, IPO, Human Resources and Business Information Systems (BIS). The Project Management is mainly responsible for effective and efficient management, including formulation of the Communication Plan, Project Schedule, and Weekly Analysis of Project Schedule. BIS is tasked with the creation of the ACM Software website, website hosting, marketing design, product description, and product pricing; SBE with delivering a complete document presentation of the new business proposal to the client ACM Consulting, in accordance with their mission of training and education. This will be accomplished through various media such as video, audio and CBTs with distribution via the internet as a web service, audio CD, DVD, published books and pod casting for both video and audio and streaming video media. The BIS-created website providing detailed information on the product(s) being offered and the means to purchase these shall be based on the ACM Consulting-proposed educational software. This would serve to market the product as well. Operations will be responsible for establishing a manufacturing plant for the software production and packaging, as well as developing a time-and cost-efficient distribution and transportation strategy. Initial plans include distributing and storing the product in various warehouses all over the United States. The IPO team shall make all necessary arrangements pertaining to the incorporation of the new company ACM Software, Inc. including the necessary legal and administrative paper work, documentation and drawing up of company reports such as scope statements, status reports, and project schedules, and company presentations (via PowerPoint). In addition, IPO is tasked with analysis of business formats and selection of states in which to incorporate ACM Software Inc. Sales and Marketing working at 100 percent efficiency, aims to create the subsidiary company ACM Software, Inc. under the ACM name, within a year. The Accounting department shall prepare the financial statements for ACM Software, Inc. The financial statements shall incorporate income statements, balance sheet, and statements of cash flows to provide a detailed report of the company’s assets, liabilities, stockholder’s equity, income and expenses. In addition, they too shall prepare annual company budgets for ACM within the next five years. All the above-mentioned departments within the organization of ACM Software, Inc. shall communicate in the most effective and efficient manner, within and among themselves. REQUIREMENTS OF THE PRESENT PROJECT The present project requires several outputs from the different departments. Project managers must strictly enforce all deadlines to actualize the final project in its entirety. To do this, proper coordination and communication between management and all the departments, including performance monitoring, evaluation and feedback, shall be encouraged and pursued. SBE shall conduct a research on ACM’s current product line and target market in order to determine existing and future needs and concerns of customers; undertake a research on the software market to effectively outline ACM’s competition and better comprehend consumer needs in the software tools industry worldwide, for possible future product and market expansion; and brief ACM Consulting representatives on existing product lines being offered by the company. The information collected shall facilitate the creation of a full product line that will be of benefit to the nation, and possibly even markets abroad. HR shall recruit and train future employees; formulate the Technical Skills and Education requirements for employees, based on recommendations from all hiring managers; and devise and process the Benefits and Compensation packages for employees.   The Sales and Marketing department requires coordination with other departments to properly and accurately define and design successful marketing campaigns for the 360 Sports training suite. The Marketing team requires product specifications and data from the SBE, to create and implement proper branding; as well as specifications from the BIS on desired graphics and other materials necessary to build an appropriate web presence in order to market the product suite online. Sales and Marketing require access to the Accounting team, to ensure that all needed financials are exact and available; Furthermore, Marketing shall work with the Accounting department to ensure that the Sales Forecasting is on target with those of the other teams, as w ell as in line with company expectations, projections and goals. Operations will be required to assist Sales and Marketing to order and set up the computer hardware and software applications needed for the successful transportation and delivery of the product suite to dealers and distributors. The Operations department is primarily responsible for overseeing the construction and subsequently the operations of the company plant facility for the manufacture and packaging of the software product. The Plant facility specifics must meet the following requirements: 1. The manufacturing plant is to occupy a minimum of 4,000 square feet in land area. 2. The erection of a 33,000 sq ft. building, which will serve as the main distribution centers. 3. The plant is to be equipped with the following: a.) 10 CD/DVD duplicators, which can copy 20 CD/DVD’s at a time b.) 10 high capacity label makers c.) 5 industrial CD packing machines d.) 4 trucks Business Information Systems (BIS) is in-charge of (1) website hosting; (2) marketing design; (3) product description and (4) product pricing. Technical Requirements of the ACM Software, Inc. website are as follows: a. Website will support 150,000 visits per month / 5000 user visits per day b. Bandwidth transfer up to 15000 Mega Bytes per month / 500 Mega Bytes per day c. Website compatible with web browser versions Internet Explorer 5.0 and Mozilla Firefox d. Available 24 Hours per day / 365 Days per year e. Web host must provide Internet service redundancy For the Accounting Department, it shall require (a) computations for Start-up cost; (b) Sales figures; (c) List of Expenses from all departments of the company ACM Software, Inc.; (d) Figures on the number of employees needed to work for accounting department, to be forwarded to HR; and (e) Estimated future sales and expenses, within the next five years of company operations. Meanwhile, the creation of the IPO team shall be based on the decision of senior level management whether the company, ACM Software, Inc. shall be privately or publicly-held. The IPO team shall conduct research on existing law firms and draw up recommendations on the choice of law firm which could best address the specific needs of the company, as overall project plans of the company need to conform to existing rules and regulations as specified by law. One or two underwriters from a carefully chosen field of investment banks shall be selected, to present the company with all existing regulations and restrictions which may affect company operations. Specifically, the IPO department is required to accomplish the registration of the company, ACM Software, Inc.; selection of the state wherein to incorporate ACM Software, Inc.; election of directors for the corporation, ACM Software, Inc.; preparation of the articles of incorporation; formulation of the corporation’s by-laws; drawing up of the shareholder agreement; regular meetings with the new directors of ACM Software, Inc. after their election to the board; issuance of certificates to the corporation’s initial stockholders; and obtaining all necessary business licenses and permits from the: a.) Federal Government b.) State Government c.) Local Government PROJECT BOUNDARIES Each department and aspect of operation of the company ACM Software, Inc. has to operate within a given set of boundaries, to ensure efficiency, attainment of set goals and quality performance. The project managers are in no position to carry out the work specific to a particular department due to lack of technical know-how and intimate knowledge of detailed day-to-day internal operations of each and every department. SBE is severely limited by lack of expertise on software programming, and thus will no longer be responsible for the programming of the software produced by the company. SBE would instead focus on overseeing the creation of working prototypes of the product and present a detailed presentation of possible packaging for the product. The project boundaries for HR include but are not limited to: final decisions for all compensation and benefits conclusions (to be approved by senior management, i.e. the Board of Directors); the full implementation of all training systems; and screening of hires through an appropriate staffing process. The Sales and Marketing department is largely dependent on the decisions of the SBE. The company product offerings as selected by SBE will define the potential for sales, revenue and growth of the company ACM Software, Inc. It is also important to note the highly competitive and well-established nature of the software industry, with many companies, including recognized industry giants, competing for shares in the software market. As a relatively new market player, ACM Software, Inc. is engaging in an industry that may or may not see the need for additional products and service offerings. The Operations department will essentially collaborate with the Accounting, Human Resource (HR), and Project Management teams to select facility location best suitable for the production and distribution of the ACM-manufactured software. It shall conduct research from which to base their recommendations on the best possible location, wherein labor costs are minimal; resources are abundant and readily available. Furthermore, it shall assemble the facility layout best suitable for the training of staff and the manufacture and production of the software. The Operations team shall also collaborate with the Accounting department to draw up an equipment list needed for the production of the software, and forward all the necessary data reports to the Human Resources department and the Project Management team. As in-charge of operations, the same department will orient and facilitate the roles and conduct of other teams in the areas of production and product distribution. BIS shall function within the following set of boundaries: 1. Shipping rates will be fixed per total dollar amount of items ordered. 2. Non-existence of â€Å"Search† functionality within the ACM Software, Inc. website. 3. Saving and/or e-mailing of the shopping cart in the ACM Software, Inc. website to another recipient shall be barred. 4. An end-user 800 x 600 pixel resolution is to be maintained for the ACM Software, Inc. website. 5. The same ACM Software, Inc. website shall not employ a Shockwave Flash or an ActiveX Plug-in. 6. Visa and MasterCard are the only honored means of on-line payment for purchase of ACM Software products. 7. The ACM Software, Inc. website shall be in the English language. As for the Accounting department, its boundaries are set to payroll, sales figures, financial statements and the company’s tax return. IPO is primarily bounded by the price of the company name, as determined by the legal underwriters. The corporation’s name, ACM Software, Inc. has already been agreed-upon by all major parties involved. PROJECT DELIVERABLES As overseer of the overall performance of the entire company, Project Management has to ensure that all departments are delivering expected outputs at the highest level of efficiency and productivity possible, in line with the set corporate goals. Specifically, project deliverables for the successful creation of ACM Software, Inc. are as follows: †¢ A Sports Education Simulation Software Packet †¢ A â€Å"How To† Financial Education Simulation Software Packet †¢ A Business Process Simulation Packet for Human Resources. †¢ A listing of the items that will be included in the software package †¢ A detailed description of what each product will offer †¢ A sample of the designs for each product label. †¢ Draft working plans of Training Systems for all departments †¢ Complete job descriptions for all employees †¢ Benefits and Compensation packages †¢ New employee orientation package †¢ Organizational Chart for ACM Software, Inc. †¢ Weekly status reports †¢ Domestic Marketing Plan †¢ Weekly Status Reporting †¢ Project Schedule †¢ State-of-the art and fully operational software manufacturing plant facility, with appropriate office space (for management, programming, production, testing, packaging, and shipping). †¢ Purchasing of office furniture †¢ Purchasing of packaging equipment and materials †¢ Purchasing of manufacturing equipment for production †¢ Security equipment †¢ Blue print of building †¢ Logistics for distribution and transportation of ACM Software products, inclusive of but not limited to the following: a.) Warehouses 33,000 square feet in area b.) Four (4) units fully functional delivery trucks c.) Security equipment †¢ Fully functional and user-friendly ACM Software, Inc. corporate website, with the following features: a.) Shopping cart feature, which allows for â€Å"Quantity Change,† â€Å"Delete item,† and â€Å"Update† b.) Customer log-in c.) Dynamic product page with an â€Å"Add to cart† button †¢ The above-mentioned website will contain the following pages: a.) Home b.) About Us c.) Products d.) Downloads e.) Customer Login f.) Customer Support g.) Contact Us h.) View Cart i.) Technical Support j.) Terms and Conditions k.) Privacy Policy †¢ Domain name purchase and reservation †¢ Website and e-mail hosting for domain name †¢ 150 e-mail accounts to include individual accounts for each employee, sales, technical support, customer service, and webmaster. †¢ Income statements †¢ Balance sheets †¢ Statements of cash flows †¢ Budget †¢ Start- up cost †¢ Analysis of business formats and states to incorporate in. †¢ Registration statement †¢ Legal paperwork and proper documentation to set up the corporation, ACM Software †¢ Legal and administrative paperwork for IPO creation †¢ Company reports as to obtaining IPO status and official IPO and legal recognition †¢ Status Reports †¢ Scope Statements †¢ Project Schedules †¢ Presentation Slides PROJECT CONSTRAINTS Several factors need to be taken into consideration, as these limit what can be done in a humanly possible manner towards the successful implementation of the project. Project management is constrained by the individual performance of the different departments within the company ACM Software, Inc., as well as its given mandate and resources at its disposal for the project actualization and attainment of company goals and targets, as set upon by the company board of directors and the senior management of the parent firm ACM Consulting. SBE has to contend with several different variables limiting what the team can accomplish. Foremost of these constraints is time. It is important to note that software programming is a time-consuming process. Thus, deadlines on product development and manufacture need to take this nature of the software programming process into consideration. Another would be finances, which limit the number of programmers to be employed in product development and manufacture, as well as in the other aspects of company operations, i.e. sales and marketing teams, website development, technical support, etc. Product development and manufacture would also be primarily based on the needs of clients and the target market. Proper coordination and cooperation from the other departments are also imperative, as the other teams’ performance may affect the overall company output. Staffing for the different departments involved in the project cannot be initiated until all hiring managers have successfully submitted the appropriate job details, educational and skills requirements of their necessary staff personnel to the HR department. In addition, the HR Department must abide by all government guidelines and policies in hiring employees. Employment of all hires as screened by the HR is subject to senior management approval. For Sales and Marketing, time is also a major limitation. The current project aims to create a subsidiary company under the ACM name within a year (roughly 365 days), requiring the Sales and Marketing Department to perform at one hundred percent efficiency in order to accomplish this undertaking. To do so, it needs the cooperation of several teams, as well as the full support of Project Management. The HR department plays an important role in assisting the Sales and Marketing team through efficient staffing of all open business development positions with capable and dedicated personnel, as well as approves and acts on new requisition requests. Of course there is always the possibility of open positions being filled at a later date than initially expected, and/or new requests for additional personnel being denied. Budget constraints also prove to be a vital limiting factor. In order to effectively market and sell ACM Software products, adequate investment must be made in product marketing. Sales training, marketing research, staffing and product advertising may prove too costly for the company. A minimal budget for product marketing may reflect on overall sales figures. Due to various factors and other externalities, many aspects of this project are still subject to change. It is important to note that there are occurrences, i.e. force majeure, acts of nature, etc. beyond the control of the personnel in-charge. Such constraints include, but are not limited to: †¢ Changes brought about by the seasons. Cold weather can cause severe constraints on human, as well as mechanical productivity, logistics concerning delivery and transport of materials, which may be delayed due to unfavorable weather conditions. †¢ Delays in the construction of the plant facility, its operation, production and delivery of products caused by unattained, expired, or incomplete permits and other legal documents, of which the overall responsibility is with the senior management of the parent company, ACM Consulting. †¢ The cost of labor and materials may vary due to economic factors, among others – i.e. domestic inflation, labor unrest, legally mandated wage hikes, etc. Therefore, any indirect and unforeseen market constraints may also impact the execution of the project. †¢ Union mass action and possible conflicts with management would inadvertently affect plant production and possibly cause delays, among other problems, in operations. †¢ Faulty construction and other infrastructural defects, as well as technical failures in acquired machinery may prove costly to the company. In some instances, stop-gap measures, structural repairs, refitting and refurbishing may cause operational delays and other problems such as loss of productivity. For the BIS, it is primarily limited by time constraints, including the finalization of all necessary reports and recommendations based on data gathered in cooperation with other departments (e.g. project scope) due on the 31st of August, 2007, prior to the official company project presentation. This report would be comprehensive, and includes accurate information and specific plans for the design of the company website, the projected budget for the BIS individual group operation, as well as integrated key figures and projections from the Sales and Marketing, Operations, Accounting, and Project Management teams. Other constraints are: †¢ Availability of appropriate software and limited computer availability for key accounts personnel. †¢ Limited user access power and system restrictions. †¢ Availability of information and necessary coordination with different departments. †¢ Time frame for project completion. †¢ Adequate staffing and employee availability. For the IPO, areas of concern include efficient staffing, employee availability and time constraints in the formulation of the company resolution. Other constraints may consist of financial and legal issues, inadequate time for the processing and submission of paperwork and other necessary requirements, very strict and restrictive deadlines, and unforeseen political restrictions which may arise depending on developments in the socio-political scene. PROJECT PARTNERSHIPS Project Management as overall project overseer is to work closely with all the other departments, as well as report directly to senior management of the parent company ACM Consulting, and the elected Board of Directors of newly-created firm ACM Software, Inc., for company reports and project updates.   SBE is to work closely with clients for product feedback and to evaluate other possible market opportunities. Together with the Sales and Marketing Team, SBE is to develop strategic goals for business development and product line expansion. Meetings and updates with the Project Management team on a regular basis as to department operations and attainment of stated goals are also necessary. Then of course close coordination with the Accounting department in order to work out department budgets and financial constraints hindering the SBE team’s performance and effectiveness. The Human Resources Department will basically work with all other departments for their staffing needs an d employment compensation packages. The Sales and Marketing Department is to work closely in tandem with the SBE, BIS and Accounting Departments. Operations will be working with the HR Department to establish specific staffing requirements for the plant facility, acquire budget specifics from the Accounting department for strategic planning and purchasing of appropriate facility sites, obtain time tables, working schedules and Operation goals as evaluated and approved by the Project Management team. The BIS web development team is to be in direct collaboration with the Project Management, Operations, Accounting, and Sales and Marketing forces. As for the Accounting Department, it is to work closely with all departments, as each and every aspect of operations requires adequate funding. Specifically, its inter-department partnership would focus on the following aspects: †¢ Project Management to evaluate and approve the calculated start up cost, and to draw up managerial expenses and management costs of the company ACM Software, Inc. †¢ Sales and marketing for drawing up accurate sales figures, revenue projections and calculated marketing expenses †¢ HR Department for hiring and employee expenses, particularly employee wages and payroll expenses. †¢ Operations Department for the bulk of incurred company expenses, as channeled through financing the acquisition of the plant facility, plant operations, production and distribution of products, and systems implementation costs. †¢ BIS for drawing up expenses related to Website development, website hosting, and domain registration. †¢ SBE in calculating the projected and actual overall expenses related to its department operations, as well as opportunities for product line and market expansion. IPO would work hand-in-hand with the Project Management for regular updates on the company IPO status, communication and coordination with senior management for the resolution of possible legal problems which may arise, and with the Accounting Department for financial concerns. PROJECT ORGANIZATIONS †¢ Anna Popek—ESFJ: Extraverted, Sensing, Feeling, Judging – HR †¢ Towana Elmore—INFJ: Introverted, Intuitive, Feeling, Judging – HR †¢ David Pariso ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€ESTJ: Extraverted, Sensing, Thinking, Judging – HR †¢ Diana Ramos – First Vice President of Operations (Myers Briggs type ISTJ) †¢ Anand Soni – Director of Operations (Myers Briggs type INTJ) †¢ Brijesh Patel – Second Vice President of Operations (Myers Briggs type ENTJ) †¢ Cindy Paredes – Operations Manager (Myers Briggs type INFJ) †¢ Allen Peterson (ESTJ) BIS †¢ Luke Dyson (INTJ) – BIS †¢ Michael Hoegerl (INTJ) – BIS †¢ Isha Khatri (ENFJ) – Accounting †¢ Purnima Patel (ENFJ) – Accounting †¢ Nirali Shah (INFJ) – Accounting †¢ Sevil Mursalova, Financial Analyst (ENFJ) – IPO †¢ Julia Ortega (ESFJ) – IPO †¢ Miriam Juarez (ENFJ) – IPO

Frank Wedekinds Lulu: An Analysis

Frank Wedekinds Lulu: An Analysis Discuss Frank Wedekinds Lulu in relation to its cultural and social context. Pay particular attention to the ways in which the play challenges and/or perpetuates certain assumptions concerning gender and sexuality; include a discussion of the plays relevance to our contemporary context. This essay will be exploring and discussing the character of Lulu in Frank Wedekinds play of the same name. It will delve into the relationship that Lulu has with the men and women of the late 1800s, as well as the challenges that women have experienced over the centuries having to deny their sexual appetite in a patriarchal world. There will be investigations into female oppression and gender status. Also one will be looking at the roles of fictional and factual Femmes Fatales throughout the ages, from those in story books to actual icons who have reached out to the world through modern media coverage. It will discuss whether being a sexually attractive woman is help or hindrance, is a woman a slave to mens desires or is it a tool that women use to live and lead the life that they wish? In research of the character of Lulu I read the introduction from the play Lulu adapted by Nicolas Wright and his insight to the character of Lulu and Frank Wedekinds method research by having sexual encounters with a number of prostitutes. Using this method Frank Wedekind created lulu, by taking different the qualities and flaws of the prostitutes he had met, women who are described as irresistible, some fearlessly honest, some devious, some manic, all doomed. (Wedekind/Wright, 2007:11) Nicolas Wright gives the impression in the introduction that Certainly he must have come across a woman who, at the age of five or so, was raped and prostituted by a man who may have been her father. This is exactly what had happened to Lulu, as Wedekind goes to some trouble to spell out. Is he saying that this hideous event has formed her life, thats its made her what she is as an adult? As a 19th-centery buck, he may not spot the connection. Yet his comments on women are full of insight, and the way the way lulu sexualises every relationship she enters into with a man seems very much part of damaged- child syndrome. (Wedekind/Wright, 2007:11) By reading Nicolas Wrights thoughts on how the character of Lulu is an abused child and is a damaged soul and as a character has a very warped view of what is acceptable and what is normal in a relationship. Due to the impression of her childhood raised by a man who is said to be her father who is insinuated in the play they had an inappropriate relationship. This is apparent in Act 4. She asks Schigolch to kill Rodrigo (an acrobat who is blackmailing lulu) for her. Lulu: what do you want? Dont ask too much. Schigolch: well, now. if you ever felt nostalgic for our old arrangement.. Lulu: oh god..! Schigolch: Why not? Lulu: Im .changed. Im not a child any more. Schigolch: what do see when you look at me now? Some aged monster? Lulu; but youve already got a mistress. (Wedekind/Wright, 2007: Act 4:94) Lulu from a young age was passed around like a toy for mens enjoyment. This information reflects that Lulu is always looking for someone to look after her, and the security which comes with marriage, as she has never had that as a child. Now as an adult Lulu can only rely on her exceptional beauty and the fact all men from different status are drawn to her. This in turn empowers her to manipulate the men in her life, to bend to her every whim while the man still thinks he is in control. But in return by becoming what the man wants from her Lulu is able to enchant them by targeting their weaknesses and getting what she may want in that times before her eyes start to wonder again. This is more apparent when she marries for the second time, Eduard Schwarz. In this relationship she is the one who is control and she doesnt like this as she has nothing to manipulate him with, so it is my belief this is the reason she begins an affair with Dr Franz Schoning. This marriage to Schwarz seems t o be a healthy relationship and very comfortable life style, and which by Lulu entering into this affair with Schoning makes me wonder that Lulu is not wanting a loving family and the security of being married, she wants some danger and excitement to her life, and to me this selfish attitude which many women from her background would kill for makes me think what does Lulu really want? Its apparent she needs the security of marriage which is what society expects of women in her status and situation. But this isnt what lulu wants she is a healthy sexed woman with a natural sexual appetite which unfortunately was going against the society grain. Lulus character was ahead of the times as she was written in a time when women were repressed and had to marry for security. In a way that was most women in that era ambition was to marry well and above their station. In Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin Mrs. Bennet was obsessed with finding husbands for her five daughters. The heroine of Pride of Prejudice Elizabeth Bennet is the complete opposite of Lulu. Whereas Elizabeth Bennet wants to marry for love, and disliked the idea of marrying just for security. When she was proposed by her cousin Mr Collins it takes him some time to understand that his proposal is being rejected by Elizabeth, in that time was quiet unheard of to actually refuse a proposal. Your portion is unhappily so small that it will be in all likelihood undo the effects of you loveliness and amiable qualifications. As I must therefore conclude that you are not serious in your rejection of me, I shall chuse to attribute it to your wish of increasing my love by suspense, according to the usual practice of elegant females. (Austin,1996:106) Even Jane Austen herself in 1802 accepted a marriage proposal from Harris Bigg-Wither, but she later changed her mind the next day. In all of her novels the heroine somehow ended in a suitable marriage with the man of their affections, yet she herself went on to becoming an old maid which was her choice but in this article it states that Austen never felt she had been presented with adequate choices: it was either get married or become a governess or a teacher. (http://www.sexualfables.com/spinster.php). Harris Bigg-Wither who after her death read her books more closely in trying to understand her refusal of him and came to conclusion that marriage didnt interest her, because in her novels she didnt include sexual passion, and also she would only write about the prelude to marriage in a platonic way. So does this mean that Austen felt that sexual tension in a marriage would be the downfall of a relationship that started without it and that was based on affection? I feel that Austen a women of the early 1800s who was expected to marry and was scared of sex and the complications that come with it, and thought marriage should be the product of two people in love and not a realistic and practical arrangement. She is quoted from a letter to her niece Anything is to be preferred or endured rather than marrying without Affection, (http://www.sexualfables.com/spinster.php). So in the early 1800s Jane Austen was changing the way women behaved towards marriage that being an old maid was the only acceptable life style if one wasnt inclined to marry. But by not marrying sparked rumours in the 1990s that Austen was in fact a lesbian and that was the real reason she didnt marry. This theory hasnt be proved or disproved, I think its an insult to any women if they choose not to marry that they are assumed be a lesbian. Even in todays society women are targeted and frowned upon if they choose to have a career over starting a family, which in my opinion it is a mans ego that is being injured by not being needed. Frank Wedekind went a different way his play Lulu by making her of sorts a high class prostitute and giving Lulu the looks and the skills to manipulate the men she wanted to pursue. In my opinion the reason why Lulu was shocking for the time it was written in is because, it was common thought that men were driven by their sexual desires and women had none. If Lulu was a man this play would be called Casanova. If the lead was a male it wouldnt be as shocking as the world would have heard of the antics of Giacomo Girolamo Casanova de Seingalt who had died 1798 who was renowned for a sexual predator of young women and a gambler. But Lulu wasnt a man but she was influenced by the men in her life, she tried to gain power by enslaving the men she wanted with her sexual desire. Another woman in fiction used the same skills in attain what information her pray had. Milady Clarick de Winter from The Three Musketeersa novelbyAlexandre Dumas. Milady Clarick de Winter was a teenager forced to enter the convent, but when she gets there she falls in love with a priest with who she escapes with. They leave the church with stolen property to fund their new life together, for which both of them get caught and were branded criminals with the fleur de liys. Then she appears in Athos village living with a man, and pretending to be his sister. When Athos, fell in love with her and married her. After some time together he finds the brand on her shoulder, saying she was a thief. Thinking she had married him only for his money which is not true, a heart-broken Athos tries to kill her by hanging her from a tree. But she survived. At the time the book is written, apparently it was acceptable to kill your wife if you found out she had committed a crime. Milady Clarick de Winter is a capable and beautiful spy, she is an example of a strong, independent woman with a tragic past, and filled with hate for men, she enjoys seduction and the destruction of men. The men she traps will provide her with support for a short period of time but will most likely to meet an untimely end if they learn of her past. Milady Clarick de Winter is remorseless for her countless crimes. In my opinion Lulu and Milady Clarick de Winter are femme fatales, and to achieve their hidden purpose, by using their feminine assets such as beauty, charm, and sexual allure. Both seem to be victims, caught in a situation from which they cannot escape; the connections between Milady Clarick de Winter and Lulu are uncanny having relationships ending in deadly consequences for the men they ensnare. Both Milady Clarick de Winter and Lulu have many names given or changed them through marriage. Dr Goll Lulus first husband in the play is in discussion with Dr Franz Schoning on their preferences on what they like to call her.With all these men renaming her is it any wonder that no-one knows the real Lulu? Does lulu exist anymore? I feel that there is such a power in a name, and by changing that aspect of a person they no longer exist. So by changing lulus name constantly she becomes a whole new person with a new personality over and over again, and is sculptured into whatever the man want s. Goll: You see I call her Popsy. Schoning: I thought Mignon suited her well. Goll: Mignon? No, Popsys better, from my personal point of view. I have a weakness for the incomplete . . . the immature . . . the innocent child in need of fatherly protection. (Wedekind/Wright, 2007:18) In the case of Milady Clarick de Winter she had to change her name as Athos, her first husband whom she loved deeply thought she was dead after hanging her from a tree, and for her own protection she changed it when she married Lord De Winter. With all these name changes is there wonder that these women manipulate men for their own gain. When its the man who has the power to change their names a moulding them into their puppets or to force them to change their name for protection. In the process stripping them of whom there are and who they could have been. Does society put the pressure on women to behave a certain way still? In a culture that is obsessed with the celebrity and the morbid fantasy of when things go wrong trying to find the information because even in death we as a society still want more. Marilyn Monroe was a beauty with curves; she was more than a 50s sex goddess. She dominated the age of movie stars to become the most famous woman of the 20th Century and still has a strong fan base growing 45 years after her death. She was born Norma Jeane Mortenson and never knew who her father and was baptized Norma Jeane Baker. Her mother was mentally ill and Norma Jeane had to spend most of her childhood in foster homes and orphanages until she moved in with family friend, but when she was 16 the family she was living with was going to move and couldnt take Norma Jeane with them. She had two options: return to the orphanage or get married.So even in the 1940s girls without family had two choices the state or marriage, she married a boy who she had been dating for 6 months. On being discovered by a photographer while helping towards the war effort in a factory, and from then on she became a model and Marilyn Monroe. But her marriage didnt survive her new found career. Then she soared to fame by landing film roles and various awards, but on the 5th august 1962 she died of a possible suicide. The events surrounding her death isthe most talked and debated conspiracy theories of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Many believe she was killed by order of the Kennedys and this was the belief of her second husband Joe DiMaggio and he died convinced the Kennedys were to blame, in an article about a book of his life written by his long term lawyer and friend Morris Engelberg. DiMaggio is to of expressed They murdered the one person I loved, DiMaggio confided to Mr Engelberg. (http://news.scotsman.com/marilynmonroe/Joe-DiMaggio-died-convinced-JFK.2401434.jp) These beliefs come from man who loved her very deeply and expressed that the men she was in a romantic relationship was the cause of her demise, and many of her fans believe that there are allot of unanswered questions connected with her death and I agree the masses there is too much information missing. She was at the mercy of very powerful men who wanted to keep her quiet and the scandal if she ever diverged in the information she knew. The allegations of the Kennedys being connected with her death has not been proved or disproved. Like Lulu, Marilyn Monroe was playing a very dangerous game by underestimating the power she had over men and the men in power. It is insinuated that Lulu was killed by Jack the Ripper an educated man who used his status to lure vulnerable prostitutes with his refinery and wealth, one the suspects was Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondalehe was grandson of Queen Victoria but this was neither proved or disproved. When doing my research the s imilarities between Lulu and Marilyn Monroe was very chilling both women were killed as the result of men, but for me the fact that Lulu is a fictional character based on the women Wedekind met on his sex romping with prostitutes and his character has so many similarities with the icon Monroe is disturbing that plight of women hasnt changed much in a hundred years and more. My aim in this essay was to Discuss Frank Wedekinds Lulu including the context and time it was written in, and if the female gender role has changed much in the time scale, by exploring other writers, and eventually looking at a modern day icon. I feel my discussion is in a very female point of view and Im sure that if this was written by a man it would have a very different angle and maybe I should have gotten a male opinion on the subject. Did Frank Wedekind write Lulu to shock society? Or to show that women of the 1800s were restricted my gender and status through text. When Frank Wedekind wrote Lulu I think he knew it would be shocking in his society as a sex tragedy but I dont think that knew that he had divulged so much into the way women were repressed by their gender and how certain sexual traumas can affect the way women as a gender enter a sexual relationship. Even today women use their sexual allure to get what they want or to influence a man into doing things for them. Im my opinion women have been fighting for the right to be equal with men but yet we as a sex still choose to use our beauty to get what we want and is that because from a young age society and story books use the stereotype of the woman is at home with the children and the man makes a living and supports his family. The times have changed and as a culture we have accepted same sex marriage, same sex adoption and a black president which I thought I would never see in my life time, but the life long battle of the sexes continues and I dont think this is going to end with any outcome which will be acceptable for either side. Lulu is a modern drama of sex. Its not a helpful story about gender roles or sexual politics, or even at heart a marriage play, as all four of her marriages end badly. Lulu is a ruthless test of the terrible destructive would be of a basic human drive, and of that favourite scapegoat for that destruction, the femme fatale. Bibliography Austen.J (1996) Pride And Prejudice, London, Penguin Group. http://news.scotsman.com/marilynmonroe/Joe-DiMaggio-died-convinced-JFK.2401434.jp http://www.sexualfables.com/spinster.php Wedekind.F/Wright.N (2007) Lulu, London: Nick Hern Books limited. Research Ascription of Identity: The Bild motif and the character of Lulu, Silvio Jose Dos Santos, The Journal of Musicology, Vol. 21, No.2 (spring 2004), pp. 267-308 http://www.marilynmonroe.com/ Masterpieces of French literature By Marilyn S. Severson Refraction of the Feminine: The Monstrous Transformations of Lulu, Karin Littau, MLN, Vol. 110, No. 4, Comparative Literature Issue (Sept., 1995), pp. 888-912 The Three MusketeersbyAlexandre Dumas

The Indian Policy Response :: India Trade Globalization Agriculture Essays

The Indian Policy Response Socio-economic implications of Globalization in India - What India wants from WTO - What is required of India by WTO - Analysis of policy response in two crucial areas Agriculture and Pharmaceuticals. An ethical framework covering the issues that are discussed and a common policy response is suggested. In the early nineties, India embarked full speed on a path of liberalization and globalization by reducing trade barriers and non-trade barriers alike, demolishing the existing quota-licensing regime. As a logical step in that process, it joined the WTO in 1994 at the end of Uruguay round of talks. Major changes in existing laws and enacting new laws had become imperative to comply with the WTO agreement. But substantial resistance to the acceptance of the WTO regime have erupted in areas of Agriculture, Pharmaceuticals. India as a founder of the ITA (Information technology Agreement) under the aegis of WTO has significant advantages as well as some critical obligations. This paper analyses the moral arguments of the policy response to these critical issues and attempts to synthesize a common position based on ethical perspectives. Agriculture Before we discuss the policy imperatives of the WTO response, a brief background on the nature and state Indian agriculture is necessary. Indian economy is agrarian in nature where nearly 70% of the population is dependent upon agricultural income. At the lower end of this strata are the vast majority of poor farm labourers who do not own the land but work in the fields and farms to earn their livelihood. In the middle layer, we have a large number of marginal land owners and small farmers who labour as well as employ other labourers to produce. In the higher end there a small number of large farmers and farm corporations who employ mechanised as well as very labour intensive farming. The politically powerful lobby of big farmers utilize power, irrigation and fertilizer subsidies of the government at the same level as the small farmers. The number of crops produced by this huge agricultural base is limited comparative to the other developed countries, because of various historical an d climatic conditions. Since the agriculture is labour intensive and most of the farming is done by small farmers owning small land tracts, the productivity is low and costs are high. While some states subsidize power and irrigation, the central government provides fertilizer subsidies and procures the farm products at minimum support prices to supply poor urban consumers to ensure food security through a Public Distribution System.

Information Technology †Wireless local-area Networks (WLAN) :: essays research papers

Information Technology – Wireless local-area Networks (WLAN) In today’s world where organizations need to keep in contact with employees there seem to be more ways than ever to stay connected. This can be a burden for small organizations that do not have a large information technology (IT) staff to keep them updated with the latest technologies (Cisco, 2004). A significant way for employees to stay in touch besides cell phones, laptops and hand held computers is wireless local area networks (WLAN). Also known as LAWN, a wireless local-area network uses high frequency radio waves rather than wires to communicate between computers or other devices (Webopedia, 2004). Business owners are now recognizing the benefits of incorporating wireless network into their organizations. A wireless local area network can be very beneficial because of its mobility and increased employee productivity, but organizations still harbor doubts about its security and reliability. Wireless local area networks (WLAN) provide a variety of benefits to an organization. It can provide mobility and flexibility, which can all lead to improvements in productivity and business opportunities (Wireless LAN, 2004). Wireless local area networks (WLANs) keep mobile workers connected without information technology (IT) professionals having to install wiring through out a building. Temporary workspaces can be set up and internet access can be made available in different meeting locations without the need to rewire. Wireless Internet service providers (WISPs) are also offering access at various locations that would make it convenient to travelers and mobile workers (Public Access, 2004). They are able to connect their laptops or other devices without wires or having to find a data port in airports or hotels. Unlike the past when employees worked from the same location, organizations today enjoy more freedom and flexibility in their workforces because of wireless local area net works (Cisco, 2004). Both organizations and employees enjoy a combination of improved speed, collaboration and accuracy when they invest in a wireless local-area network (Intel, 2004). Wireless local-area networks (WLAN) have given workers the advantage of completing their work away from their office and as a result improve their overall productivity. NOP World through an independent survey discovered that wireless local-area network (WLAN) users stay connected long enough to show an increase in productivity (NOP World, 2003). Different organizations using wireless networks enable their employees to gain access to valuable information pertaining to the business whenever necessary. Not only would vital data be available that could aid an employee in closing a deal, but time could also be saved when correspondences can be answered quickly and at any place via e-mail.

Emotional Intelligence and Effective Managerial Leadership

Emotional Intelligence is the study of emotions and their impact upon the work environment. This definition must allow for external factors. Hughes writes an effective leader will have impact upon their team and this is â€Å"apparent in the growing interest over the past decade in topics like the leader's genuineness, authenticity, credibility and trustworthiness† (3). A leader's reflection of these attributes is found in their level of connectedness with employees. As a result leaders are more interested in mentoring and training their team rather than focusing on output of numbers or turn around time. These qualities are a good indicator for selecting a potential manager. This development in team building allows for â€Å"providing people opportunities to learn from their work rather than taking them away from their work to learn† (Hughes 4). Emotional Intelligence relies upon the fact the leader will be able to have a competent level of interaction with the employee. It reflects successful leadership by allowing for complex relationships for team members by recognizing relationship building, capacity of visions and personal development. Emotional Intelligence for a leader means being able to read people, be read and allow for open dialogue. A corporation wants to hire someone emotionally intelligent because they have an understanding of the harmony between personal and professional personalities. To provide effective managerial leadership, one must display a certain level of Emotional Intelligence. It has been found â€Å"today business leaders rank Emotional Intelligence capabilities as critical to the success of today's leaders† (Business Executives 1). Employees look up to management for guidance. By displaying Emotional Intelligence, the leader defines the boundaries for the team and creates an atmosphere for building relationships. This in turn creates stronger teams. In today's company, the role of management also involves leadership within a team structure. A leader with a high level of Emotional Intelligence knows outside factors play a role in professional demeanor and have found a way to balance such behaviors. Also they are challenged by this balance and have a competitive edge. It is resilience, Hughes explains â€Å"that allows individuals to take difficult experiences in their lives and use them as opportunities to learn† (12). There is a level of change involved with studying Emotional Intelligence. The leader comprehends change as a constant everyday factor. The leader's role is to sell the idea of change, commitment and expectations. A leader must also display curiosity, have guts and be a dominant force. Bennis reflects, there are two kinds of people â€Å"those who are paralyzed by fear, and those who are afraid but go ahead away. Life is not about limitation but options† (185). By understanding emotions, one can improve their own filtering of surroundings and enjoy greater success through relationships. Finally, competition is brutal and the global market continues to shrink due to communication technologies. It is important in leadership to embrace change and stick to a vision. By having Emotional Intelligence one can â€Å"recognize the physical and mental signs of our feelings/emotions before we can act on them meaningfully and constructively† (Eby Ruin par 20).